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Understanding Priopie Language

Priopie language is a conceptual framework that posits an ancient proto-human language (PHL) as the root of modern linguistic expressions. For example, consider how modern words like "address" can be broken down into components: ad (one more time), dr (see), re (after), es (here), ss (each other). This language serves as a lens through which we explore the origins of contemporary speech, revealing deeper historical and cultural insights.

Explanation of the Priopie Concept

Listen to our podcast for an in-depth explanation of the Priopie concept and its significance in understanding language evolution.

Theoretical Foundation: Gall's Law

Gall's Law states that any effective complex system evolves from a simpler, functioning system. This principle suggests that the transformation from Priopie to modern languages reflects an evolutionary process rooted in simpler linguistic forms. It emphasizes the gradual development of linguistic complexity.

The Role of Priopie in Modern Language Evolution

Priopie acts as a foundational structure for understanding language transformations in the age of artificial intelligence. As AI technologies advance, they offer new avenues for linguistic evolution, allowing us to explore how Priopie can inform future language development and communication strategies.

Concatenation: The Building Blocks of Language

A key aspect of Priopie is its use of concatenation, where short units known as **priowords** combine to form modern words. This method accelerates human speech and enhances clarity in communication. Each prioword retains a consistent form across tenses and genders, simplifying expression.

English words with prioword 'io' within.

abaction :
>ab without, ba connection, ac be, ct ready, ti definite, io period, on time;

abolition :
>ab without, bo together, ol liquid, li with-each-other, it opinion, ti definite, io period, on time;

abrasion :
>ab without, br again, ra count, reckon, as find out, si see, io period, on time;

accordion :
>ac be, co if, or notice, rd best, di different, io period, on time;

accumulation :
>ac be, cu fast, quick, run, um everything, mu many, ul already, la go out, exit, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

accusation :
>ac be, cu fast, quick, run, us center, sa keep, continue, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

action :
>ac be, ct ready, ti definite, io period, on time;

adaptation :
>ad another, da event, term, date, ap show, show up, pt like this, ta from, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

adoption :
>ad another, do comfort, op above, atop, pt like this, ti definite, io period, on time;

affection :
>af most, fe full, fully, complete, completely, ec observe, ct ready, ti definite, io period, on time;

agitation :
>ag wave, shake, gi give, it opinion, ta from, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

allegation :
>al all, ll exist, le stay, leave, eg next, ga side, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

ambition :
>am while, mb several, bi route, path, it opinion, ti definite, io period, on time;

amotion :
>am while, mo move, ot end, ti definite, io period, on time;

anticipation :
>an above, can, nt you, ti definite, ic usually, ci to, ip exactly, pa near, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

application :
>ap show, show up, pl put, fold, add, li with-each-other, ic usually, ca may, can, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

arborization :
>ar far, rb repeat, bo together, or notice, ri need, should, iz measure, za next, follow, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

association :
>as find out, ss each other, so common, oc eyes, ci to, ia come, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

attention :
>at time, te this, en pass, go, nt you, ti definite, io period, on time;

attraction :
>at time, tr try, ra count, reckon, ac be, ct ready, ti definite, io period, on time;

audio :
>au hear, ud well, di different, io period;

auguration :
>au hear, ug reach, achieve, gu side, ur die, ra count, reckon, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

automation :
>au hear, ut outside, to this, om separate, ma hand, finger, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

aviation :
>av birds, vi determine, see, ia come, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

bio :
>bi route, path, io period;

biology :
>bi route, path, io period, ol liquid, lo outer, og hold, gy like that, that's it;

brachiation :
>br again, ra count, reckon, ac be, ch sometime, hi new, ia come, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

calibration :
>ca may, can, al all, li with-each-other, ib child, br again, ra count, reckon, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

capitulation :
>ca may, can, ap show, show up, pi inside, it opinion, tu if, ul already, la go out, exit, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

centurion :
>ce time, en pass, go, nt you, tu if, ur die, ri need, should, io period, on time;

ception :
>ce time, ep size, pt like this, ti definite, io period, on time;

champion :
>ch sometime, ha grab, am while, mp due to, expense, pi inside, io period, on time;

coalition :
>co if, oa board, al all, li with-each-other, it opinion, ti definite, io period, on time;

cognition :
>co if, og hold, gn know, knowledge, ni know, it opinion, ti definite, io period, on time;

collision :
>co if, ol liquid, ll exist, li with-each-other, is what, si see, io period, on time;

communion :
>co if, om separate, mu many, un unify, ni know, io period, on time;

companion :
>co if, om separate, mp due to, expense, pa near, an above, can, ni know, io period, on time;

compassion :
>co if, om separate, mp due to, expense, pa near, as find out, ss each other, si see, io period, on time;

competition :
>co if, om separate, mp due to, expense, pe when, et must, ti definite, it opinion, ti definite, io period, on time;

computation :
>co if, om separate, mp due to, expense, pu push, ut outside, ta from, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

concision :
>co if, on time, nc happen, ci to, is what, si see, io period, on time;

conclusion :
>co if, on time, nc happen, cl close, lu light, fire, us center, si see, io period, on time;

condition :
>co if, on time, nd find, di different, it opinion, ti definite, io period, on time;

configuration :
>co if, on time, nf spoiled, fi last, ig cross, gu side, ur die, ra count, reckon, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

confusion :
>co if, on time, nf spoiled, fu feel, us center, si see, io period, on time;

conjunction :
>co if, on time, ju conjure, deal with magic, communicate, un unify, nc happen, ct ready, ti definite, io period, on time;

connotation :
>co if, on time, nn year, yearly, each year, no no, ot end, ta from, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

contradiction :
>co if, on time, nt you, tr try, ra count, reckon, ad another, di different, ic usually, ct ready, ti definite, io period, on time;

corporation :
>co if, or notice, rp extract, po place, points, or notice, ra count, reckon, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

curiosity :
>cu fast, quick, run, ur die, ri need, should, io period, os possible, si see, it opinion, ty edge, region, feel;

curious :
>cu fast, quick, run, ur die, ri need, should, io period, ou to, toward, us center;

cusious :
>cu fast, quick, run, us center, si see, io period, ou to, toward, us center;

defenestration :
>de side, ef big, a lot, many, fe full, fully, complete, completely, en pass, go, ne between, connect, es here, st stay, tr try, ra count, reckon, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

definition :
>de side, ef big, a lot, many, fi last, in give, ni know, it opinion, ti definite, io period, on time;

denervation :
>de side, en pass, go, ne between, connect, er will, will be, rv try, va further, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

deputation :
>de side, ep size, pu push, ut outside, ta from, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

designation :
>de side, es here, si see, ig cross, gn know, knowledge, na time, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

destination :
>de side, es here, st stay, ti definite, in give, na time, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

destruction :
>de side, es here, st stay, tr try, ru hand, uc take into account, ct ready, ti definite, io period, on time;

dilution :
>di different, il way, only, lu light, fire, ut outside, ti definite, io period, on time;

dimension :
>di different, im from, beyond, me keep, en pass, go, ns for, si see, io period, on time;

direction :
>di different, ir environment, re after, ec observe, ct ready, ti definite, io period, on time;

discrimination :
>di different, is what, sc scratch, cr cover, appear, ri need, should, im from, beyond, mi one, in give, na time, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

distinction :
>di different, is what, st stay, ti definite, in give, nc happen, ct ready, ti definite, io period, on time;

divination :
>di different, iv life, vi determine, see, in give, na time, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

domination :
>do comfort, om separate, mi one, in give, na time, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

duration :
>du second, twice, ur die, ra count, reckon, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

edification :
>ed past, di different, if difference, fi last, ic usually, ca may, can, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

education :
>ed past, du second, twice, uc take into account, ca may, can, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

emancipation :
>em is, was, ma hand, finger, an above, can, nc happen, ci to, ip exactly, pa near, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

emotion :
>em is, was, mo move, ot end, ti definite, io period, on time;

emotional :
>em is, was, mo move, ot end, ti definite, io period, on time, na time, al all;

equation :
>eq equal, qu be, ua important, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

erotization :
>er will, will be, ro possible, ot end, ti definite, iz measure, za next, follow, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

eruption :
>er will, will be, ru hand, up with, occupy, pt like this, ti definite, io period, on time;

espionage :
>es here, sp come out, go out, turn out, pi inside, io period, on time, na time, ag wave, shake, ge child;

evacuation :
>ev before, va further, ac be, cu fast, quick, run, ua important, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

evaluation :
>ev before, va further, al all, lu light, fire, ua important, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

evangelion :
>ev before, va further, an above, can, ng between, ge child, el additional, extra, li with-each-other, io period, on time;

examination :
>ex already, away, am while, mi one, in give, na time, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

excavation :
>ex already, away, ca may, can, av birds, va further, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

exception :
>ex already, away, ce time, ep size, pt like this, ti definite, io period, on time;

exceptional :
>ex already, away, ce time, ep size, pt like this, ti definite, io period, on time, na time, al all;

exploitation :
>ex already, away, pl put, fold, add, lo outer, oi without, it opinion, ta from, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

exploration :
>ex already, away, pl put, fold, add, lo outer, or notice, ra count, reckon, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

explosion :
>ex already, away, pl put, fold, add, lo outer, os possible, si see, io period, on time;

fashion :
>fa food, as find out, sh completely, hi new, io period, on time;

federation :
>fe full, fully, complete, completely, ed past, de side, er will, will be, ra count, reckon, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

fenestration :
>fe full, fully, complete, completely, en pass, go, ne between, connect, es here, st stay, tr try, ra count, reckon, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

fraction :
>fr from, ra count, reckon, ac be, ct ready, ti definite, io period, on time;

frustration :
>fr from, ru hand, us center, st stay, tr try, ra count, reckon, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

generation :
>ge child, en pass, go, ne between, connect, er will, will be, ra count, reckon, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

gestation :
>ge child, es here, st stay, ta from, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

halation :
>ha grab, al all, la go out, exit, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

hypertension :
>hy continue, yp other, pe when, er will, will be, rt inside, te this, en pass, go, ns for, si see, io period, on time;

identification :
>id take, de side, en pass, go, nt you, ti definite, if difference, fi last, ic usually, ca may, can, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

idiom :
>id take, di different, io period, om separate;

idioma :
>id take, di different, io period, om separate, ma hand, finger;

idiopath :
>id take, di different, io period, op above, atop, pa near, at time, th clearly;

idiopathic :
>id take, di different, io period, op above, atop, pa near, at time, th clearly, hi new, ic usually;

idiot :
>id take, di different, io period, ot end;

illusion :
>il way, only, ll exist, lu light, fire, us center, si see, io period, on time;

implosion :
>im from, beyond, mp due to, expense, pl put, fold, add, lo outer, os possible, si see, io period, on time;

initialization :
>in give, ni know, it opinion, ti definite, ia come, al all, li with-each-other, iz measure, za next, follow, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

insurrection :
>in give, ns for, su such, ur die, re after, ec observe, ct ready, ti definite, io period, on time;

integration :
>in give, nt you, te this, eg next, gr earth, ra count, reckon, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

introduction :
>in give, nt you, tr try, ro possible, od only, du second, twice, uc take into account, ct ready, ti definite, io period, on time;

introgression :
>in give, nt you, tr try, ro possible, og hold, gr earth, re after, es here, ss each other, si see, io period, on time;

introspection :
>in give, nt you, tr try, ro possible, os possible, sp come out, go out, turn out, pe when, ec observe, ct ready, ti definite, io period, on time;

intuition :
>in give, nt you, tu if, ui speak, it opinion, ti definite, io period, on time;

invocation :
>in give, nv over, vo appear, oc eyes, ca may, can, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

iodine :
>io period, od only, di different, in give, ne between, connect;

iota :
>io period, ot end, ta from;

irrational :
>ir environment, ra count, reckon, at time, ti definite, io period, on time, na time, al all;

irritation :
>ir environment, ri need, should, it opinion, ta from, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

irrumation :
>ir environment, ru hand, um everything, ma hand, finger, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

iteration :
>it opinion, te this, er will, will be, ra count, reckon, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

junior :
>ju conjure, deal with magic, communicate, un unify, ni know, io period, or notice;

levitation :
>le stay, leave, ev before, vi determine, see, it opinion, ta from, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

location :
>lo outer, oc eyes, ca may, can, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

lotion :
>lo outer, ot end, ti definite, io period, on time;

manifestation :
>ma hand, finger, an above, can, ni know, if difference, fe full, fully, complete, completely, es here, st stay, ta from, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

manipulation :
>ma hand, finger, an above, can, ni know, ip exactly, pu push, ul already, la go out, exit, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

marionette :
>ma hand, finger, ar far, ri need, should, io period, on time, ne between, connect, et must, te this;

medallion :
>me keep, ed past, da event, term, date, al all, ll exist, li with-each-other, io period, on time;

meditation :
>me keep, ed past, di different, it opinion, ta from, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

melodious :
>me keep, el additional, extra, lo outer, od only, di different, io period, ou to, toward, us center;

menstruation :
>me keep, en pass, go, ns for, st stay, tr try, ru hand, ua important, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

mention :
>me keep, en pass, go, nt you, ti definite, io period, on time;

meritorious :
>me keep, er will, will be, ri need, should, it opinion, to this, or notice, ri need, should, io period, ou to, toward, us center;

mission :
>mi one, is what, ss each other, si see, io period, on time;

mobilization :
>mo move, ob behind, bi route, path, il way, only, li with-each-other, iz measure, za next, follow, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

mortification :
>mo move, or notice, rt inside, ti definite, if difference, fi last, ic usually, ca may, can, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

multiplication :
>mu many, ul already, lt ready, ti definite, ip exactly, pl put, fold, add, li with-each-other, ic usually, ca may, can, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

nation :
>na time, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

navigation :
>na time, av birds, vi determine, see, ig cross, ga side, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

notion :
>no no, ot end, ti definite, io period, on time;

notional :
>no no, ot end, ti definite, io period, on time, na time, al all;

notionalist :
>no no, ot end, ti definite, io period, on time, na time, al all, li with-each-other, is what, st stay;

nutrition :
>nu circle, surround, ut outside, tr try, ri need, should, it opinion, ti definite, io period, on time;

obduction :
>ob behind, du second, twice, uc take into account, ct ready, ti definite, io period, on time;

objection :
>ob behind, je push, ec observe, ct ready, ti definite, io period, on time;

obligation :
>ob behind, bl so, li with-each-other, ig cross, ga side, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

oblivion :
>ob behind, bl so, li with-each-other, iv life, vi determine, see, io period, on time;

oblivious :
>ob behind, bl so, li with-each-other, iv life, vi determine, see, io period, ou to, toward, us center;

obsession :
>ob behind, bs spread, se what, es here, ss each other, si see, io period, on time;

obstruction :
>ob behind, bs spread, st stay, tr try, ru hand, uc take into account, ct ready, ti definite, io period, on time;

obvious :
>ob behind, vi determine, see, io period, ou to, toward, us center;

occasion :
>oc eyes, ca may, can, as find out, si see, io period, on time;

occasional :
>oc eyes, ca may, can, as find out, si see, io period, on time, na time, al all;

occupation :
>oc eyes, cu fast, quick, run, up with, occupy, pa near, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

onion :
>on time, ni know, io period, on time;

operation :
>op above, atop, pe when, er will, will be, ra count, reckon, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

opposition :
>op above, atop, po place, points, os possible, si see, it opinion, ti definite, io period, on time;

option :
>op above, atop, pt like this, ti definite, io period, on time;

orion :
>or notice, ri need, should, io period, on time;

ovation :
>ov upon, on, va further, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

oversecretion :
>ov upon, on, ve above, top, direct, er will, will be, rs without, se what, ec observe, cr cover, appear, re after, et must, ti definite, io period, on time;

pension :
>pe when, en pass, go, ns for, si see, io period, on time;

perception :
>pe when, er will, will be, rc coerce, ce time, ep size, pt like this, ti definite, io period, on time;

perfusion :
>pe when, er will, will be, fu feel, us center, si see, io period, on time;

period :
>pe when, er will, will be, ri need, should, io period, od only;

pernicious :
>pe when, er will, will be, rn turn, ni know, ic usually, ci to, io period, ou to, toward, us center;

perturbation :
>pe when, er will, will be, rt inside, tu if, ur die, rb repeat, ba connection, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

petition :
>pe when, et must, ti definite, it opinion, ti definite, io period, on time;

pion :
>pi inside, io period, on time;

pioneer :
>pi inside, io period, on time, ne between, connect, ee have, er will, will be;

pollution :
>po place, points, ol liquid, ll exist, lu light, fire, ut outside, ti definite, io period, on time;

population :
>po place, points, op above, atop, pu push, ul already, la go out, exit, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

position :
>po place, points, os possible, si see, it opinion, ti definite, io period, on time;

practitioner :
>pr first, ra count, reckon, ac be, ct ready, ti definite, it opinion, ti definite, io period, on time, ne between, connect, er will, will be;

precious :
>pr first, re after, ec observe, ci to, io period, ou to, toward, us center;

precocious :
>pr first, re after, ec observe, co if, oc eyes, ci to, io period, ou to, toward, us center;

precognition :
>pr first, re after, ec observe, co if, og hold, gn know, knowledge, ni know, it opinion, ti definite, io period, on time;

precondition :
>pr first, re after, ec observe, co if, on time, nd find, di different, it opinion, ti definite, io period, on time;

presbiopia :
>pr first, re after, es here, sb old, bi route, path, io period, op above, atop, pi inside, ia come;

previous :
>pr first, re after, ev before, vi determine, see, io period, ou to, toward, us center;

priority :
>pr first, ri need, should, io period, or notice, ri need, should, it opinion, ty edge, region, feel;

probation :
>pr first, ro possible, ob behind, ba connection, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

production :
>pr first, ro possible, od only, du second, twice, uc take into account, ct ready, ti definite, io period, on time;

profession :
>pr first, ro possible, of from, fe full, fully, complete, completely, es here, ss each other, si see, io period, on time;

propagation :
>pr first, ro possible, op above, atop, pa near, ag wave, shake, ga side, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

proration :
>pr first, ro possible, or notice, ra count, reckon, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

provision :
>pr first, ro possible, ov upon, on, vi determine, see, is what, si see, io period, on time;

provocation :
>pr first, ro possible, ov upon, on, vo appear, oc eyes, ca may, can, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

punction :
>pu push, un unify, nc happen, ct ready, ti definite, io period, on time;

punctuation :
>pu push, un unify, nc happen, ct ready, tu if, ua important, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

question :
>qu be, ue exist, es here, st stay, ti definite, io period, on time;

ratification :
>ra count, reckon, at time, ti definite, if difference, fi last, ic usually, ca may, can, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

reaction :
>re after, ea as, like, ac be, ct ready, ti definite, io period, on time;

reception :
>re after, ec observe, ce time, ep size, pt like this, ti definite, io period, on time;

redaction :
>re after, ed past, da event, term, date, ac be, ct ready, ti definite, io period, on time;

reflection :
>re after, ef big, a lot, many, fl by side, le stay, leave, ec observe, ct ready, ti definite, io period, on time;

regression :
>re after, eg next, gr earth, re after, es here, ss each other, si see, io period, on time;

repetition :
>re after, ep size, pe when, et must, ti definite, it opinion, ti definite, io period, on time;

retention :
>re after, et must, te this, en pass, go, nt you, ti definite, io period, on time;

revelation :
>re after, ev before, ve above, top, direct, el additional, extra, la go out, exit, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

revolution :
>re after, ev before, vo appear, ol liquid, lu light, fire, ut outside, ti definite, io period, on time;

riot :
>ri need, should, io period, ot end;

rumination :
>ru hand, um everything, mi one, in give, na time, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

saponification :
>sa keep, continue, ap show, show up, po place, points, on time, ni know, if difference, fi last, ic usually, ca may, can, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

section :
>se what, ec observe, ct ready, ti definite, io period, on time;

self-reflection :
>se what, el additional, extra, re after, ef big, a lot, many, fl by side, le stay, leave, ec observe, ct ready, ti definite, io period, on time;

simulation :
>si see, im from, beyond, mu many, ul already, la go out, exit, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

situation :
>si see, it opinion, tu if, ua important, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

specification :
>sp come out, go out, turn out, pe when, ec observe, ci to, if difference, fi last, ic usually, ca may, can, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

speculation :
>sp come out, go out, turn out, pe when, ec observe, cu fast, quick, run, ul already, la go out, exit, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

station :
>st stay, ta from, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

stimulation :
>st stay, ti definite, im from, beyond, mu many, ul already, la go out, exit, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

temptation :
>te this, em is, was, mp due to, expense, pt like this, ta from, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

titration :
>ti definite, it opinion, tr try, ra count, reckon, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

tuition :
>tu if, ui speak, it opinion, ti definite, io period, on time;

unification :
>un unify, ni know, if difference, fi last, ic usually, ca may, can, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

vacation :
>va further, ac be, ca may, can, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

valediction :
>va further, al all, le stay, leave, ed past, di different, ic usually, ct ready, ti definite, io period, on time;

validation :
>va further, al all, li with-each-other, id take, da event, term, date, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

valorization :
>va further, al all, lo outer, or notice, ri need, should, iz measure, za next, follow, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

variation :
>va further, ar far, ri need, should, ia come, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

various :
>va further, ar far, ri need, should, io period, ou to, toward, us center;

version :
>ve above, top, direct, er will, will be, rs without, si see, io period, on time;

vision :
>vi determine, see, is what, si see, io period, on time;

vision :
>vi determine, see, is what, si see, io period, on time;

visualization :
>vi determine, see, is what, su such, ua important, al all, li with-each-other, iz measure, za next, follow, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

vivacious :
>vi determine, see, iv life, va further, ac be, ci to, io period, ou to, toward, us center;

vocation :
>vo appear, oc eyes, ca may, can, at time, ti definite, io period, on time;

waderior :
>wa walk, ad another, de side, er will, will be, ri need, should, io period, or notice;

wanderrior :
>wa walk, an above, can, nd find, de side, er will, will be, ri need, should, io period, or notice;

warrior :
>wa walk, ar far, ri need, should, io period, or notice;